![]() ![]() The mathematical models of fluid dynamics are mainly based on mass conservation, momentum balance, and energy conservation, together with the constitutive relations of the fluid. Take oil, for example, which is more viscous than water. A fluid with higher viscosity is more resistant to motion than a less-viscous fluid. In other words, viscosity determines the internal resistance of the fluid to motion. It helps determine the loss of friction between adjacent fluid layers due to the shear energy in the fluid. Viscosity is a critical property when studying fluid motion. The problem of determining the dynamics of a body in relative motion - with a fluid surrounding it - is represented through the problem of resistance and was, in many aspects, intrinsically related to the study of viscosity. He was a student of ballistics and, therefore, studied how air resistance worked. Christiaan Huygens was interested in studying the effects of bodies inside fluids. It was before Newton, though, that many important questions began to appear. It was only with Leonhard Euler that the differential and continuum form of fluid dynamics was developed\(^1\). However, Newton treated fluids such as air as a particle agglomerate. Newton’s law of viscosity described the relationship between a fluid’s shear stress and shear rate when subjected to mechanical stress. The field of fluid dynamics was first scientifically defined in Newton’s Principia Mathematica in 1687, analyzing for the first time the dynamics of fluids. More advanced and involved concepts such as turbulence, discontinuities, and viscosity were introduced in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The most basic ideas of the mathematics of fluid mechanics - including its structure and formulations - emerged between the late seventeenth century and the first half of the eighteenth century. Join SimScale Today! The Discovery of Viscosity
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